If you trade crypto on an exchange or hold assets with a custodian, part of your activity may be reported to the Spanish Tax Agency (AEAT) through two informational filings: Model 172 (balances) and Model 173 (transactions). The key issue is not how much you trade, but who provides the service and from where.

The message from the Spanish Tax Agency is clear: all crypto transactions are taxable, regardless of whether they are carried out in euros or between cryptocurrencies, and whether by individuals or companies.

As global interest in digital assets continues to surge, regulatory clarity is emerging as a key competitive advantage. The United States and the European Union are now defining the legal landscape through two distinct but transformative frameworks: the GENIUS Act and the MiCA Regulation.