In its Binding Ruling V1003-25 (12 June 2025), Spain’s General Directorate of Taxes (DGT) has clarified the VAT treatment of utility tokens, confirming that VAT only applies when the token is redeemed for a specific good or service — not when issued or traded. This interpretation aligns Spanish practice with EU Directive 2016/1065 and provides much-needed clarity for Web3 and digital-asset projects operating under the EU VAT framework.

The Binding Ruling V0138-25 of the Spanish Directorate-General for Taxation (DGT) establishes, for the first time, an explicit framework for the tax treatment of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in Spain. The case concerns a digital artist who creates and sells NFTs through marketplaces and metaverses, raising questions about their taxa El pronunciamiento es vinculante para la Administración, por lo que genera un precedente con efectos prácticos inmediatos para artistas, desarrolla

The Binding Ruling V1030-25, dated June 20, 2025, issued by the Spanish Directorate-General for Taxation (DGT), provides a relevant interpretation of Article 42 quater of the RGAT (Royal Decree 1065/2007) regarding the obligation to report virtual currencies held abroad through Form 721.

If you trade crypto on an exchange or hold assets with a custodian, part of your activity may be reported to the Spanish Tax Agency (AEAT) through two informational filings: Model 172 (balances) and Model 173 (transactions). The key issue is not how much you trade, but who provides the service and from where.

Individual crypto investing doesn’t need to be a labyrinth. The Spanish Tax Agency (Agencia Tributaria) has been steadily reinforcing a clear and stable framework for individuals operating outside of a business activity. If you know what is taxable, when it is taxable, and where it fits into the return, the rest is procedure and traceability. At Business Expats, we hold on to a guiding principle: good documentation is just as important as choosing the right box on the tax re

As global interest in digital assets continues to surge, regulatory clarity is emerging as a key competitive advantage. The United States and the European Union are now defining the legal landscape through two distinct but transformative frameworks: the GENIUS Act and the MiCA Regulation.